PROLOGUE

Smoking is recognized for several years as a public health problem, because the damage to health associated with snuff consumption causes more than half a million deaths in the Americas.

Mexico has a growing population mass in the groups of middle and advanced age, in which rates of morbidity and mortality related to smoking initiation in early ages are high.

These elements introduce smoking on the stage of the ten leading causes of mortality in Mexico and make it a priority public health problem.

Probabilistic studies based on current consumption patterns, indicate that by 2025 the couple will snuff accounts for more than ten million deaths worldwide.

In April 1990, Mexico signed the Agreement whereby 88 areas to snuff consumption in medical units, both the Secretariat and the National Institutes of Health, are restricted.

In August 1990 he published a new regulation that goes beyond hospital settings and settles the protection of nonsmokers in the Federal District to the effects of inhalation of smoke produced by the composition of both indoor snuff such as cinemas, theaters , libraries, restaurants, classrooms, etc.. as well as urban public transport vehicles.

We and the fight against smoking has become an irreversible and radical decisions that will lead to a significant decrease in this public health problem.

In this program summarizes the objectives, strategies, action lines and specific actions, which are based on the diagnosis of the current problems of smoking, in order that this document constitutes the framework for action by the Government of Mexico in this area .

DR. JESUS ​​RODRIGUEZ Kumato.

Secretary of Health.

SMOKING IS NOT ALWAYS A PLEASURE



SUMMARY

No other consumer product or environmental contaminant has been so widely studied for its effects on health such as snuff.

It has been suggested that between 20 and 30% of cancer cases in the United States may be due to the consumption of snuff. It has also been found in middle-aged smokers with lung cancer are 10 times more.

Smoking has been associated not only with lung cancer, but with the lips, tongue, mouth, larynx, pharynx, esophagus and bladder, especially with heart disease.

It also causes respiratory ailments such as bronchitis and emphysema.

The risk for these diseases vary with how sane is consumed snuff. Studies have found that lung cancer mortality is higher in those who smoke pipes and pure, and even much higher in those who consume cigarettes.

The frequency of malignant tumors that occur on the lips, tongue, mouth and esophagus in cigar and pipe smoked, usually equal to or greater than that observed in those accustomed to smoking cigarettes.

There are more deaths among those who started using cigarettes about 15 years of age than among those who did so after 25.

Individuals who live with smokers inhale smoke have an increased risk of cancer.

DR. JESUS ​​RODRIGUEZ Kumato.

Secretary of Health.

Diseases caused by smoking.

Today there is no doubt that the consumption of snuff harmful effects on human health. Around 1950 began to appear in the literature the first results of studies showing that smoking was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer.

In the U.S., Canada and the United Kingdom has made it clear that depending on the number of cigarettes smoked, the smoker has a risk of lung cancer ten to thirty times higher than non-smokers. The danger is not limited to bronchopulmonary cancer. It also increases five times laryngeal cancer, four times that of oral cancer, and three and a half times that of esophageal cancer. You can also increase the risk of bladder cancer.

It is not the only cancer lurking danger to smokers. Another important consequence of pathological snuff is the increased risk of myocardial infarction. This risk is assessed at about double that with a nonsmoker. The stomach is another organ that suffers the consequences of smoking. The annoying and dangerous ulcer is almost three times more common in smokers than in nonsmokers.

THE DEADLY SMOKING

For years, the use of snuff has been a highly controversial issue. Around the year 1500 AD JC, European doctors reported that snuff should be used only for medicinal purposes. The U.S. Puritans regarded him as a dangerous narc6tico. In the 1960s, scientists came to the conclusi6n that smoking snuff, especially in the form of cigarettes, may cause cancer, heart ailments and other diseases.

Reacting to these revelations, some cigarette manufacturers agreed to reduce its content of tar and nicotine. However, doctors still say these measures have not succeeded in eliminating the dangers of smoking.

TOXINS IN THE SNUFF

Cigarette smoke contains over 3,000 chemicals, and several of them are connected with the development of certain diseases. The most harmful substances are:

the carbon mon6xido
nicotine
tars (tars)
4) smoke particles.
The carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that interferes with the ability of blood to carry oxygen. Tarnbièn is a contributing factor in disease coraz6n and the evils of the lungs, and resulting changes in blood vessels that can lead to hardening of the arteries.

The carbon mon6xido has long been recognized as a poisonous gas. Symptoms of poisoning by carbon mon6xido are headache, dizziness, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), confusi6n the dilataci6n pupils, convulsions, and coma.

The carbon mon6xido at the level of that commonly reach exposici6n cigarette smokers, reduced cardiac contractility in people with coronary heart disease. It has been shown to cause changes similar to those of incipient atherosclerosis in the aortas of rabbits.

Nicotine stimulates the nervous system, coraz6n, and other internal 6rganos. The effect on the nervous system is one of the reasons why people find it so difficult to quit smoking. Nicotine is a poison.

Nicotine is a plant chemical complex in a class known as alkaloids. It has a hot and sour taste. Is found in small amounts in the leaves, roots and seeds from the tree of snuff. Can also be produced synthetically.

The amount of nicotine in most of the cigars sold between 2 and 7 percent. Very abundant in the domestic varieties and cheaper snuff. In its original state, even a small amount can cause nausea, impairment, rapid but weak pulse, collapse, and death itself.

Tars and pitches contain small amounts of substances which are believed carcin6genas are major contributing factors of cancer of the lung and other cancers that commonly develop in smokers. It was found that the tar contained in tobacco smoke results in malignant disorders of the skin and the respiratory tract of laboratory animals. Has also been established that a number of chemical compounds present in cigarette smoke are strong carcin6genos agents. Found malignancy called carcinoma in the pharynx of smokers.

Smoke particles can be as small as 1 / 170, 000 of an inch. A smoker exhales most of these particles, but 25 percent of them are trapped in the coating or lining of the lungs. Lining cells absorb particles. This may also lead absorci6n producci6n excessive scar tissue within the walls of the lungs. Smoke particles may help cause the progressive destrucci6n the walls of the alveoli of the people who have smoked for a long time. When inhaled, they immediately produce irritating cough and Ia constricci6n of the bronchi.

THE SNUFF and chronic diseases

Research has shown that individuals Furnas more than one pack of cigarettes a day are 20 times more likely to contract lung cancer than nonsmokers. Laboratory experiments show that snuff smoke condensate can cause skin cancer in animals, and animals who breathe cigarette smoke may develop cancer of the larynx or pulm6n.

The deaths from bronchitis and emphysema cr6nica are also 20 times more common in people who smoke heavily. Both diseases are manifested in animals that are exposed to cigarette smoke.

Cigarette smoking accelerates atherosclerosis, doubles the risk of myocardial infarction, and precipitates coraz6n attacks. The risk of cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, or emboli and blood clots in blood vessels is higher in people who smoke. Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death in the United States and is the main cause of the frequent deaths among cigarette smokers. The snuff smoking also causes high pressure and high cholesterol which are risk factors for myocardial infarction and death from coronary disease coraz6n. Peptic ulcers (from the membrane and duodenum est6mago) occur more frequently and have a higher death rate among cigarette smokers than among nonsmokers. In addition, the curaci6n of ulcers is slower in those who smoke.

EFFECT ON FETAL AND CHILDREN

In pregnant women who smoke, snuff has an effect on an unborn baby. There is abundant evidence to prove that smoking retards fetal growth and increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, fetal death, or death of the newborn child. There is also evidence that children of some smokers tend to suffer more from certain deficiencies measurable growth and physical development. If the mother is pregnant smokes, some poisonous and harmful substances in cigarette smoke are transmitted to the circulatory system of the fetus to the placenta THROUGH. One of these substances is mon6xido carbon, which removes oxygen from the red gl6bulos. Another is nicotine, which shrinks the blood vessels, including those of the same placenta, which reduces the QTY of oxygen and nutrients flowing to the unborn child.

While it is true that if the fetus is not breathing, exercises some movement of the pectoral muscle in a kind of mock respiraci6n. These movements decrease in frequency when the mother smoked two cigarettes s6lo. Even when women quit smoking before pregnancy, previous use of snuff can result in harm to the fetus, according to an authoritative report.

Telef6nicas two surveys conducted among a number of families in Detroit, Michigan, stated that there is a statistically significant correlaci6n between the habit of snuff funi parent and respiratory diseases of children.

WANT WITHOUT smoke

Should not be a smoker to be adversely affected by smoke snuff. When you sit next to a smoker absorbs high levels of carbon mon6xido. When a non-smoker out of an environment where snuff was rife smoke, the carbon mon6xido expands hours out of your body. Hard hours in the blood. After three or four hours, still remain in the circulation half the amount of carbon monoxide was absorbed at first. There are a number of other substances that do not smoke absorbs the smoky atmosphere of snuff: formaldehyde (formic acid) nitr6geno 6xidos of ammonia, cadmium. hidr6geno cyanide, and hundreds more.

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